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Netkiller Debian Linux 手札

Debian/Ubuntu Server

Mr. Neo Chan, 陈景峰

中国广东省深圳市宝安区龙华镇
518109
+86 755 29812080
+86 755 29812080
<openunix@163.com>

文档出处
http://netkiller.8800.org/
http://netkiller.hikz.com/
http://netkiller.homelinux.org/

版权 © 2009, 2010 Netkiller(Neo Chan). All rights reserved.

版权声明

转载请与作者联系，转载时请务必标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明。

文档最近一次更新于 Wed Feb 24 05:06:53 UTC 2010

内容摘要

对初学Linux的爱好者忠告

玩Linux最忌reboot（重新启动）这是windows玩家坏习惯

Linux只要接上电源你就不要再想用reboot,shutdown,halt,poweroff命令,Linux系统和应用软件一般备有reload,reconfigure,restart/start/stop...不需要安装软件或配置服务器后使用reboot重新引导计算机

在Linux系统里SIGHUP信号被定义为刷新配置文件,有些程序没有提供reload参数,你可以给进程发送HUP信号,让它刷新配置文件,而不用restart.通过pkill,killall,kill 都可以发送HUP信号例如: pkill -HUP httpd

系列文档

下面是我多年积累下来的经验整理文档供大家参考:

Netkiller Linux 手札 | Netkiller Ubuntu 手札 | Netkiller CentOS 手札 | Netkiller Shell 手札

Netkiller Developer 手札 | Netkiller Database 手札 | Netkiller Version Control 手札

Netkiller LDAP 手札 | Netkiller Security 手札 | Netkiller Architect 手札

Netkiller Cisco IOS 手札 | Netkiller Document 手札 | Netkiller FreeBSD 手札

鸣谢

目录

本文目的
内容简介
读者对象
作者简介
联系作者

1. Introduction

Open Source and License
Distribution information
Linux Installation

2. Package Management

Search
Installation
Update
Remove

Automatic Updates

Status
dpkg-reconfigure

3. System Infomation

Cpu Bit

4. System Administrator

shutdown

5. Directory and File

ls - list directory contents

rm - remove files or directories

-bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long

find - search for files in a directory hierarchy

nl - number lines of files

tac - concatenate and print files in reverse

tar - GNU tar / compress and decompress

tar examples
gzip
b2zip

tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names
-C, --directory=DIR

zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

time zone
to change system date/time
Language

7. Device manager

Device information

dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer
lspci - list all PCI devices
dmidecode - DMI table decoder
鉴别eth(x)
usb device

console / terminal

serial console
console timeout
TUI (Text User Interface)
framebuffer
disable x window

查看分区分区 UUID
Show partition
Create partition
Format partition
Mount partition
estimate disk / directory / file space usage
Convert from ext3 to ext4 File system

Removable Storage

usb flash
CD / DVD

loop devices

Network adapter
Ethernet Interfaces
Mask
Gateway
Configuring Name Server Lookups -- resolv.conf
sysctl
bonding
Finding optimal MTU

8. To Log Messages Over UDP Network

update-rc.d - install and remove System-V style init script links

invoke-rc.d - executes System-V style init script actions

xinetd - replacement for inetd with many enhancements

Scheduled Tasks

crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users
at, batch, atq, atrm - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution

10. Profile

shell

11. Process

top - display Linux tasks

ps - report a snapshot of the current processes

pstree - display a tree of processes

&
Ctrl + Z
jobs
fg / bg
nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

12. Permission

Add a new user
remove an existed user

Add a new group
Add a user to the group

chattr - change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system

su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs

sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user

ACL - Access Control List

getfacl - get file access control lists
setfacl - set file access control lists
backup and restore

13. Monitor

uptime - Tell how long the system has been running.
Memory
vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
temperature/voltage/fan
strace - trace system calls and signals
lsof - list open files
input/output statistics

htop - interactive process viewer
elinks

15. X Window

取消开机启动画面
Automatic login
Download Software
Firefox
rdesktop - A Remote Desktop Protocol client

Linux 下载排名

B. 历史记录

表格清单

1.1. Linux partition

范例清单

7.1. bonding example

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